Comparison of the risk factors for asthma in children between urban and rural areas in Fuzhou City / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence and the different risk factors for asthma in children between urban and rural areas in Fuzhou, Fujian province.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The epidemiological survey of asthma in 0-14 years old children was conducted from October 2009 to October 2010 between Fuzhou urban and rural areas in Fujian province. The investigation subjects were selected in urban and rural areas by phased stratified random cluster sampling. The 2010 third national epidemiological survey questionnaire of children with asthma was used for screening for possible patients. Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by physical examination. The children with asthma were designated as the positive cases, while non asthmatic children who were age, gender, ethnic, and living environment matched with asthmatic patients were designated as negative control. Comparison of the prevalence of asthma in children between Fuzhou urban and rural areas was performed. The influencing factors of asthma were analyzed and screened by the regression equation model of two element Logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Totally 12 235 questionnaires of children with asthma and allergic disease screening were issued and 11 738 questionnaire were sent back (6 221 were male and 5 517 were female). The return rate was 95.9% in urban Fuzhou; 648 children were diagnosed as asthma. The prevalence of asthma in male was 6.48% and female children was 4.44% (comparison of the prevalence of gender χ(2) = 23.267, P < 0.001) in urban areas . A total of 6 000 questionnaires of children with asthma and allergic disease screening were sent out and 5 860 were responded (male children 3 228, female children 2 632). The recovery rate was 97.7% in rural Fuzhou; 135 children with asthma was diagnosed. The prevalence of asthma in male was 2.73%and female children and was 1.79%. Adding protein supplement before 6 months (OR = 1.908, 95%CI:1.233-2.959), the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthma (OR = 14.541, 95%CI:8.920-23.705), furniture materials (non wood) (OR = 2.432, 95%CI:1.563-3.785) were the main risk factors of children with asthma in urban. Adding protein supplement before 6 months(OR = 3.021, 95%CI:1.357-6.711), the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthma(OR = 14.784, 95%CI:3.842-56.885), the use of coal as fuel (OR = 63.339, 95% CI: 7.993-501.943), domesticated livestock (OR = 13.659, 95% CI:1.342-139.068), the family smoking before and after birth (OR = 6.226, 95%CI:2.674-14.495) and chemical fiber pillow (OR = 3.638, 95%CI:1.241-10.666) were the main risk factors of children with asthma in rural areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of children with asthma in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. The prevalence of asthma in male children was higher than in female children. Adding protein food supplement before 6 months, the use of antibiotics and non solid wood furniture material were the main risk factors in children with asthma in urban areas. Adding protein supplement before 6 months, the use of antibiotics, domesticated livestock, the use of coal as fuel and the family smoking before and after birth were the main risk factor of asthma in children in rural areas.</p>

Clinicopathologic significance in expressions of cytochrome P450 2E1 and PC cell-derived growth factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the relationships and clinicopathologic features of the expressions of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC),and to determine the role of CYP2E1 and PCDGF in angiogenesis.Methods The expression levels of CYP2E1 and PCDGF in 42 surgical cancer specimens and 20 adjacent normal esophageal mucosa specimens from patients with ESCC were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rates of CYP2E1 and PCDGF in ESCC were 83.3 ％ (35/42) and 88.1％ (37/42),respectively,which were obviously higher than those of normal mucosa (P ＜ 0.05).Expression of PCDGF was correlated with the degree of histological differentiation (r =0.444,P ＜ 0.05),depth of tumor invasion (r =0.332,P ＜ 0.05),lymph node metastasis (r =0.476,P ＜ 0.05),and TNM classification (r =0.450,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CYP2E1 was negatively correlated with tumor tissue differentiation (r =-0.518,P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with depth of invasion in ESCC (r =0.388,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CYP2E1 was related to that of PCDGF in the tumor (r =0.483,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of CYP2E1 and PCDGF are synergistically involved in tumor growth,infiltration andmetastasis.Overexpression of CYP2E1 and PCDGF can be used as the important predictors for evaluating the biological behavior of ESCC and predicting prognosis of patients.

Changes of fecal short-chain fatty acid and bile acid levels in patients with colon cancer / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acid levels in patients with colon cancer.Methods Totally 189 patients with colon cancer (CC group),201 patients with adenomatous polyp (AP group),and 512 healthy patients (control group) who were confirmed by endoscopy were included in this study.The fecal SCFA and bile acid levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results The total bile acids,primary bile acids,and secondary bile acids were not significantly different among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The chenodeoxycholate level in the CC group [0.338 (0.101,0.416) mg/g] was significandy higher than that in AP group [0.241 (0.108,0.375) mg/g] and control group [0.248 (0.110,0.371) mg/g] (P=0.025,P=0.023),but was not significantly different between the AP groupand the control group (P ＞ 0.05).The deoxycholic acid level in CC group [0.375 (0.136,0.503) mg/g] and AP group [0.369 (0.113,0.494) mg/g] were significandy higher than that in control group [0.277 (0.115,0.412) mg/g] (P=0.026,P=0.024),and the difference between CC group and AP group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The level of lithocholic acid in CC group [0.386 (0.147,0.507) mg/g] was significantly higher than those in the AP group [0.103 (0.012,0.238) mg/g] and control group [0.239 (0.081,0.405) rng/g] (P=0.011,P=0.027); also,its level in AP group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P =0.022).The levels of total short-chain fatty acids,acetic acid,propionic acid,and isovaleric acid were not significantly different among the control group,AP group,and CC group (P＞0.05).The levels of butyrate [0.105 (0.059,0.198) mg/g,0.090 (0.050,0.183) mg/g],isobutyl acid [0.036 (0.024,0.046) mg/g,0.025 (0.020,0.034) mg/g] in CC group and AP group were significantly higher than in the control group [0.081 (0.051,0.107) mg/g,0.021 (0.016,0.029) mg/g] (butyrate:P=0.026,P=0021; isobutyl acid:P=0.025,P=0.019),and the difference between CC group and AP group was statistically significant (butyrate:P =0.031; isobutyl acid:P =0.024).Conclusions Fetal chenodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid,butyric acid,and isobutyric acid may play a role in the developmem of colon cancer,while deoxycholic acid may also be implicated in both colon cancer and colon adenomas.No association is found between other SCFA and bile acids and colorectal cancer/adenoma.

A novel mutation of ATP2C1 gene in a Chinese pedigree with Hailey-Hailey disease / 中华皮肤科杂志

ed in a Chinese pedigree with HHD.

Detection of large deletions in mitochondrial DNA during skin aging / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To quantitatively observe the actual levels of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mitochon-drial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in healthy human skin of different age, and to explore their relationship with intrinsic aging and photoaging. Methods Seventy-one samples of skin tissue were obtained from healthy volunteers, including 40 samples from UV-protected areas (buttock, thigh, waist or abdomen) and 31 from UV-exposed areas (neck, back of hands, forehead or face). Nuclear and mitochundrial DNA was extracted from these samples. Conventional PCR was performed to detect the incidence of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mtDNA deletion. Then, SYBR Green real-time PCR was applied to quantitatively analyze the target mutations in posi-tive samples. Results Conventional PCR showed that the incidence of both 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion increased with age. For example, the incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion accounted for 47.5% (19/40) and 30% (12/40), respectively in samples from volunteers older than 40 years, signifi-cantly higher than that in those from volunteers younger than 40 years (X2 = 4.673, 6.118, respectively, both P < 0.05). The total incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion in UV-exposed areas was 48.4% (15/31) and 32.3% (9/31), respectively, which did not differ from those in UV-protected areas. The results from real-time PCR revealed a positive correlation of the copy number of 4977 10p deletion and 3895 bp deletion with age (rg = 0.907, 0.845, respectively, both P < 0.05). When the UV-exposed area was compared with the UV-protected area, no significant difference was found in the copy number of 4977 bp deletion ( P = 0.264), whereas a higher level of 3895 bp deletion was noticed in UV-exposed area (P = 0.014). Conclu-sions The 4977 bp mtDNA deletion is primarily associated with chronological aging, and might serve as a biomarker for the process of chronological aging of skin. Deletion of 3895 bp mtDNA seems to be more sus-ceptible to ultraviolet radiation.